2ºBACHILLERATO - REPASO - PREFIXES

2ºBACHILLERATO: UNIT 1 REVIEW

PREFIXES

Ø  Los prefijos un, im, il, in y dis se añaden a algunos adjetivos, nombres y verbos para formar sus opuestos.

PREFIJO	EJEMPLOS
Un-	Unable Uncertain Unconventional Unemployed unfriendly unlock unpack unsuccessful	Unacceptable Uncomfortable Undo unfair Unhappy unimaginative unlucky unreal untidy	Unbelievable Unconscious Undress Unfortunate unkind unnecessary unreliable unusual
In-	Inability Incorrect informal	Inadequate Inefficiency insecurity	Incapable Inexperienced Invisible
Im-	Immature Impolite improbable	Impatient impossible	Imperfect Impractical
Ir-	Irrational irresistible	Irregular Irresponsible	Irrelevant
Il-	Illegal illiterate	Illegible irresponsible	Illegitimate
Dis-	Disadvantage disapprove dishonest disobey disqualify	Disagree discomfort dislike disorder	Disappear disconnect disloyal disorganize
Non-	Non – alcoholic Non-smoking Non-violent	Non-profit Non-stop	Non-resident Non-verbal

Ø  El prefijo mis se añade a algunos nombres y verbos para indicar que algo se hace mal o incorrectamente :       use(uso)   e  misuse (mal uso)

Ø  Con en se forman verbos que describen el paso al estado indicado por la palabra a la que se añade este prefijo: close (cerrar) e enclose (encerrar)

Ø  Los prefijos under, over y non son fáciles de entender, y en cuando a co, re, inter, anti, bi, pre y multi significan lo mismo que en nuestra lengua

Underline (subrayar)                                    international (internacional)

Overloaded (sobrecargado)                        anti-hero (antihéroe)

Non-smoker (no fumador)                          bilingual (bilingüe)

Co-pilot (copilot)                                           prehistoric (prehistórico)

Rewrite (reescribir)                                       multiracial (multiracial)

EXERCISES: EX1, EX2, EX3, EX4, EX5

WORD FORMATION - SUFFIXES: FULL / LESS

WORD FORMATION: create adjectives from nouns and verbs by adding the suffixes -ful and -less

The suffix -ful has been derived from the English word "full" and the literal meaning is "full of". Some meanings are can be a little more abstract and it may be harder to understand the meaning the first time you meet these words. For example the suffix -ful can also mean "characterised by or given, able or tending to be something".

NOTE: the suffix -ful is written with only one 'l'.

·                Bill is hopeful of receiving a job offer. - Literally "Bob is full of hope".

·                Mary brought in an armful of washing. - Literally "Mary's arm are full".

·                We ate a wonderful meal in the new Japanese restaurant. - "Full of wonder" is not the right meaning here. 'Excellent' is a better translation.

The suffix -less has been derived from the English word "less" and the literal meaning is "without" or "lacking". Some meanings are more abstract. For example the suffix -less can mean "unable to act or be acted on in a specified way".

·                The liquid produced in the reaction is colourless. - Literally "without colour".

·                His addiction ruined his life. He lost everything and eventually became homeless. - Literally "without a home".

·                Susan really hurt Tony's feeling with that comment. She can be so thoughtless sometimes. - Literally "without a thought", although better translated as "inconsiderate".

Often the suffices -ful and -less and be found in pairs:

·                thought —→ thoughtful : thoughtless

·                help —→ helpful : helpless

·                law —→ lawful : lawless

However there are many case when the adjective ending in -ful does not have the corresponding adjective ending in -less and vice versa

·                sleep —→ sleepful : sleepless

·                beauty —→ beautiful : beautiless

NOTE: it is more common for the adjective ending in -less not to have the corresponding adjective ending in -ful.